Author(s): Poonam Singh

Abstract:
In modern scenario, sedentary lifestyle, inactivity, mechanical way to live life has greatly influenced and enhanced condition of overweight and obesity that adversely affect overall body composition of an individual. Increasing condition of overweight and obesity are associated with decrease amount of time spent on physical activity or exercise. There are various causes that are directly or indirectly affecting health of an individual and leads to the condition of overweight and obesity. Heredity, environment and behavior are main contributor to increase condition of overweight and obesity. However physical fitness of an individual is also determined by genetic factors, and various studies also revealed the significance of environmental factors. There are various techniques for measurement of obesity as simple methods with measurements of the skinfold thickness that were used for ranking the individuals on the basis of their relative fatness or for assessment of the size of the specific deposition of the subcutaneous fat. BIA measures impedance of body by releasing small amount of electric current. DXA developed for measurement of the mineral mass of bone, which calculated from differential absorption of the X-ray with the help of different two energies. MRI is the technique of imaging that is used for estimation of the body volume rather than fat mass of the adipose tissue. BMI is acceptable for determination of overweight and obesity among children of age two years or older. Among adolescents and children with age ranges from 2-19 years, the obesity was well-defined as BMI at or above 95^th percentile with age and sex specific as per CDC growth charts. For prevention of obesity among children concern should be given towards eating habits, healthy diet, physical activity, sleeping and television watching hours. Critical role should be played by the schools for establishment of supportive and safe environment with the practices and policies that supports the healthy behavior of an individual. Schools are also providing the opportunities for their students for practicing and learning the physical activity and healthy eating behavior.

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